" In this journal, Kraft and Kraft (2006) gave an account of the use of hypnosis in the treatment of both anxiety disorders and sleeping disturbances. Phobias, according to the DSM IV classification (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), are contained within the category, " Anxiety Disorders.
Detailed accounts of the treatment procedures are given so that practitioners may incorporate these techniques in clinical practice. Some of these treatments are based on behavioural lines, but all of the approaches, to a greater or lesser extent, explore the psychodynamics responsible for the condition. The author reviews a range of treatment procedures which have been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of both social phobia and agoraphobia. Hypnosis is employed as an adjunct to therapy: It is used to help patients to reduce cognitive and physical symptoms of anxiety and provides them with more control in everyday situations. It is for this reason that therapists using psychodynamically orientated psychotherapy in treatment, must take great care to provide patients with the space to come to terms with these inner conflicts. Several explanations of the aetiology of social phobia and agoraphobia have been suggested over the years, but researchers are in agreement that, in both disorders, patients have frequently suffered inadequate parenting and experienced a huge amount of anxiety in early life. Both disorders are complex and difficult to treat. This paper, the fourth in the present series, is based on a worldwide search of the literature, and focuses on the use of hypnosis in the treatment of social phobia and agoraphobia. This case study demonstrates that hypnosis is a cost effective form of treatment (Barber, 2001) for smoking cessation.
#SUBMERGE PHOBIA FREE#
The client, who had not smoked that day, remained smoke free and maintained this abstinence at one year follow-up. Further, he was encouraged to enjoy the sensations of being a non smoker during hypnosis. The therapist utilized the client's personal motivations to encourage smoking cessation, used split screen imagery (Taylor, 1985), ego strengthening, and gave suggestions that any cravings would be significantly reduced or absent. In the first session, having identified times of the day when smoking occurred, the therapist gave conditioning trials (Cautela, 1967, 1968 Kraft & Kraft, 2005) for each time of the day, pairing the thought of smoking with an aversion. Having agreed to this, the patient then agreed to throw out all smoking paraphernalia. Before treatment, the therapist made a verbal contract with the client who confirmed that he was ready to give up smoking and that the proposed approach would be a complete abstinence programme. The following case study reports the successful treatment of a heavy smoker (age = 33) in a one hour session using a multimodal approach. Although strong objective evidence of improvement in OAB symptoms is lacking, these subjective improvements, combined with increasing use and acceptance of hypnotherapy in obstetric and gynecological settings, suggest the utility of hypnotherapy as a psychological adjunctive procedure in the treatment of OAB. These benefits suggest hypnotherapy increases patients’ abilities to engage in relaxation, reduces condition-associated anxiety, and improves patients’ perceptions of their symptom-coping abilities. All studies suggested benefits from hypnotherapy as an adjunct treatment for OAB, especially in terms of subjective reports of symptoms and increasing self-efficacy. Hypnotherapeutic treatment regimens were idiosyncratic and tailored to individual patients. Most reports were case studies or observational, but there were two randomized, controlled trials. Ten studies examining outcomes of hypnotherapy for OAB were located from searches of electronic databases. This review examines the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for the relief of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.
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